Investigating the Inclusive-Performance Tradeoff in Agricultural Cooperatives: Evidence from Nepal

Is there a tradeoff between inclusive membership and market performance in agricultural cooperatives? Prior studies argue that practices damage cooperative by increasing internal transaction coordination costs. Determining the extent of this is essential to understanding role cooperatives play alleviating poverty. Previous have largely overlooked which organizational activities are existing members. We expand definition account for extensive as well intensive inclusion, where former describes diversity cooperative’s latter refers including members group activities. examine inclusive-performance with respect both dimensions inclusion. Our results suggest inclusion associated lower performance, while higher performance. This indicates meaningful, but opposite, association ability achieve